Online  Antibiotics Information for Pharmacists and Patients

DailyMed   Advanced Search    Medicines    Micromedex    UpToDate
Antibiotics (from Wikipedia)

An antibiotic (or antibacterial) is something that kills bacteria or slows the growth of bacteria. They are used as medicines to cure diseases caused by bacteria. Antibiotics are no use against viruses. Penicillin, the first natural antibiotic, is produced by a fungus. Production started in 1939, and now it is made by chemical synthesis.

Today, people worry that bacteria will not be affected by antibiotics. Bacteria do evolve, and already many strains of bacteria resist regular antibiotics. When exposed to antibiotics, most bacteria die quickly, but some may have mutations which make them slightly less susceptible. These bacteria then multiply and make a large colony which is less affected by the antibiotic.

An antibiotic is an agent that either kills or inhibits the growth of a microorganism.The term antibiotic was first used in 1942 by Selman Waksman and his collaborators in journal articles to describe any substance produced by a microorganism that is antagonistic to the growth of other microorganisms in high dilution.  This definition excluded substances that kill bacteria but that are not produced by microorganisms (such as gastric juices and hydrogen peroxide). It also excluded synthetic antibacterial compounds such as the sulfonamides. Many antibacterial compounds are relatively small molecules with a molecular weight of less than 2000 atomic mass units.

With advances in medicinal chemistry, most modern antibacterials are semisynthetic modifications of various natural compounds.  These include, for example, the beta-lactam antibiotics, which include the penicillins (produced by fungi in the genus Penicillium), the cephalosporins, and the carbapenems. Compounds that are still isolated from living organisms are the aminoglycosides, whereas other antibacterials—for example, the sulfonamides, the quinolones, and the oxazolidinones—are produced solely by chemical synthesis. In accordance with this, many antibacterial compounds are classified on the basis of chemical/biosynthetic origin into natural, semisynthetic, and synthetic. Another classification system is based on biological activity; in this classification, antibacterials are divided into two broad groups according to their biological effect on microorganisms: Bactericidal agents kill bacteria, and bacteriostatic agents slow down or stall bacterial growth.

For a list of antibiotics, sorted by class see website this website in Wikipedia. The highest division is between bactericidal antibiotics and bacteriostatic antibiotics. Bactericidals kill bacteria directly, whereas bacteriostatics prevent them from dividing. However, these classifications are based on laboratory behavior. In practice, both can prevent a bacterial infection.

Antibiotics Related Websites


SCIP SECTION FOR ANTIBIOTICS SELECTION


Sanford Guide Like Antibiotic Tables

Figure out which antibiotics cover which bugs with these tables!

Antibiotics:
Antibiotics1- Chart showing which antibiotics cover which bacteria. Penicillins, Amino-penicillins, anti-staphylococcal pencillins, anti-pseudomonal, carbapenems, and fluoroquinilones.

Antibiotics2- Chart showing which antibiotics cover which bacteria. Cephalosporins oral/IV.

Antibiotics3- Chart showing which antibiotics cover which bacteria. Aminoglycosides, macrolides, ketolides, tetracyclines, glycyclines, glycopeptides, urinary tract infections, and miscellaneous.

Rapid Molecular Diagnostics

May 2012 Clinical Laboratory News: Bacterial Identification

Molecular Diagnostics | PCR Test | Film Array

The FilmArray System | FilmArray

MecA (gene) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Emergence of Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase (KPC ...
 
INDIVIDUAL ANTIBIOTICS AND ATIVIRAL AGENTS

Acyclovir (Zoviraxâ), Famciclovir (Famvirâ), Valacyclovir (Valtrexâ)

Antibiotics Key Words Linked to Wikipedia

Aminoglycosides
Amikacin Amikin 
Gram-negative bacteria
Escherichia coli
Klebsiella
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
tularemi
Hearing loss
Vertigo
Kidney damage
30S ribosomal 
Gentamicin 
Garamycin
Kanamycin 
Kantrex
Neomycin
Netilmicin 
Netromycin
Tobramycin 
Nebcin
Paromomycin 
Humatin
Streptomycin
Tuberculosis
Spectinomycin        
Gonorrhea 
Ansamycins
Geldanamycin 
antitumor antibiotics
Herbimycin
Rifaximin   
Traveler's diarrhea 
E. coli
Carbacephem  
Loracarbef
Lorabid
Carbapenems
ErtapenemInvanz 
Doripenem
DoribaxImipenem
CilastatinPrimaxin
Meropenem
Merrem
Cephalosporins (First generation)
Cefadroxil
Duricef
beta-lactam antibiotics 
peptidoglycan
cell walls 
CefazolinAncef
Cefalotin 
Cefalothin
Keflin
Cefalexin
Keflex 
Cephalosporins (Second generation)
Cefaclor
Distaclor
beta-lactam antibiotics    
peptidoglycan 
cell walls
Cefamandole
Mandol 
Cefoxitin
Mefoxin
Cefprozil
CefzilCefuroxime 
Ceftin
Zinnat
Cephalosporins (Third generation)
Cefixime 
Suprax  
Pseudomonas
Mycoplasma
Chlamydia
beta-lactam antibiotics
peptidoglycan 
cell walls
Cefdinir 
Omnicef
Cefditoren 
Spectracef
Cefoperazone
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Sulbactam 
Cefobid
Cefotaxime 
Claforan
Cefpodoxime 
Vantin
Ceftazidime
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Fortaz 
Ceftibuten 
Cedax 
Ceftizoxime
Ceftriaxone  
syphilis 
gonorrhea 
Rocephin 
Cephalosporins (Fourth generation)
Cefepime
Maxipime
Beta-actam antibiotics
peptidoglycan 
cell walls.
Cephalosporins (Fifth generation) 
Ceftaroline 
fosamil Teflaro 
MRSA
beta-lactam antibiotics      
peptidoglycan
cell walls 
Ceftobiprole 
Zeftera
MRSA  
beta-lactam antibiotics
peptidoglycan 
cell walls
Glycopeptides 
Teicoplanin
C.difficile
peptidoglycan 
Vancomycin 
Vancocin
Telavancin 
Vibativ 
Dalbavancin 
Dalvance 
Oritavancin 
Orbactiv 
Lincosamides
Clindamycin 
Cleocin 
acne
C. difficile
pseudomembranous 
enterocolitis
RNA 
Lincomycin 
Lincocin
Lipopeptide 
Daptomycin 
Cubicin 
Gram-positive 
Macrolides  
Azithromycin 
Zithromax 
Sumamed 
Xithrone
Streptococcal infections 
syphilis 
upper respiratory tract infections 
lower respiratory tract infections
mycoplasmal infections
Lyme disease
QT interval (especially erythromycin)
Jaundice
inhibition
protein biosynthesis
50S 
ribosome
tRNA 
Clarithromycin Biaxin
Dirithromycin 
Dynabac(discontinued)
Erythromycin 
Erythocin
Erythroped 
Roxithromycin
Troleandomycin
Tao (discontinued)
Telithromycin 
Ketek
Pneumonia
Spiramycin
Mouth infections 
Monobactams 
Aztreonam 
Azactam
beta-lactam antibiotics
peptidoglycan
cell walls 
Nitrofurans 
Furazolidone 
protozoal diarrhea
enteritis 
Nitrofurantoin 
Macrodantin
Macrobid 
Urinary tract infections
Oxazolidinones
Linezolid
Zyvox
VRSA
Thrombocytopenia
Peripheral neuropathy
Serotonin Syndrome
Protein synthesis inhibitor
Posizolid
Radezolid
Torezolid
Penicillins
Amoxicillin
Novamox
Amoxil
streptococcal infections
syphilis
Lyme disease
anaphylactic reactions
beta-lactam antibiotics 
peptidoglycan 
cell walls
Ampicillin
Azlocillin 
Carbenicillin 
Geocillin (discontinued)
Cloxacillin 
Tegopen (discontinued)
Dicloxacillin 
Dynapen (discontinued)
Flucloxacillin 
Floxapen (Sold to European generics Actavis Group)
Mezlocillin 
Mezlin (discontinued)
Methicillin 
Staphcillin (discontinued)
Nafcillin 
Unipen (discontinued)
Oxacillin 
Prostaphlin (discontinued)
Penicillin G 
Pentids (discontinued)
Penicillin V 
Veetids (Pen-Vee-K) (discontinued)
Piperacillin 
Pipracil (discontinued)
Penicillin G 
Pfizerpen
Temocillin 
Negaban (UK) (discontinued)
Ticarcillin 
Ticar (discontinued)
Amoxicillin/clavulanate
resistance  
Ampicillin/sulbactam 
Unasyn
Piperacillin/tazobactam 
Zosyn
Ticarcillin/clavulanate 
Timentin
Polypeptides
Bacitracin 
multi drug resistant 
isoprenyl pyrophosphate
peptidoglycan
cell wall
Colistin
bacterial outer membrane
cytoplasmic membrane
Polymyxin B
Quinolones/Fluoroquinolone
Ciprofloxacin Cipro,Ciproxin
bacterial prostatitis
community-acquired pneumonia
bacterial diarrhea
mycoplasmal infections
gonorrhea
central nervous system (uncommon)
DNA gyrase
topoisomerase
DNA
Enoxacin Penetrex
Gatifloxacin 
Tequin
Gemifloxacin 
Factive
Levofloxacin
Levaquin
Lomefloxacin
Moxifloxacin
Avelox
Nalidixic acid
Norfloxacin Noroxin
Ofloxacin 
Floxin (discontinued)
Trovafloxacin
Trovan Withdrawn
Grepafloxacin 
Raxar Withdrawn
Sparfloxacin 
Zagam Withdrawn
Temafloxacin 
Omniflox Withdrawn
Sulfonamides
Mafenide 
Sulfamylon
Urinary tract infections
eye infections
burn
Allergy (including skin rashes)
Kidney failure
white blood cel
Folate synthesis 
competitive inhibitors 
dihydropteroate synthetase
para-aminobenzoate
dihydropteroate
folate synthesis
nucleic acids
DNA 
RNA
Sulfacetamide
Sulfadiazine
Silver sulfadiazine
Silvadene
Sulfadimethoxine
Sulfamethizole
Sulfamethoxazole
Sulfanilimide 
Sulfasalazine
Azulfidine
Sulfisoxazole
Gantrisin
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
Co-trimoxazole
TMP-SMX
Bactrim,
Septra
Sulfonamidochrysoidine
Prontosil
Tetracyclines
Demeclocycline
Declomycin
Syphilis
chlamydial infections
Lyme disease
mycoplasmal infections
acne
rickettsial infections
malaria 
protist and not a bacterium.
aminoacyl-tRNA 
mRNA-ribosome 
30S ribosomal subunit 
mRNA translation
Doxycycline
Vibramycin
Minocycline
Minocin
Oxytetracycline
Terramycin
Tetracycline
Sumycin
Achromycin V
Steclin
mycobacterium 
Clofazimine
Lamprene
Antileprotic
Dapsone
Avlosulfon
Antileprotic
Capreomycin
Capastat
Antituberculosis
Cycloserine
Seromycin
Antituberculosis
urinary tract infections
Ethambutol
Myambutol
Antituberculosis
Ethionamide
Trecator
Antituberculosis Inhibits peptide synthesis
Isoniazid 
I.N.H.
Antituberculosis
Pyrazinamide
Aldinamide
Antituberculosis
Rifampicin 
Rifampin in US
Rifadin
Rimactanemostly 
Gram-positive 
mycobacteria
RNA polymerase
Rifabutin
Mycobutin
Mycobacterium avium complex
Rifapentine
Priftin
Antituberculosis
Streptomycin
Antituberculosis
Neurotoxicity
ototoxicity
aminoglycosides
Arsphenamine
Salvarsan
Spirochaetal 
Chloramphenicol
Chloromycetin
Meningitis
MRSA
typhus
cholera
Gram-negative
Gram-positive
anaerobes
aplastic anemia
ribosome
Fosfomycin
Monurol
Monuril
Acute cystitis 
enolpyruvyl transferase
cell wall 
Fusidic acid
Fucidin
Metronidazole
Flagyl
anaerobic bacteria
amoebiasis
trichomoniasis
giardiasis
headache
metallic taste
nausea
alcohol 
free radicals 
protozol
Mupirocin
Bactroban Ointment 
impetigo
cream 
Platensimycin
Quinupristin/Dalfopristin
Synercid
Thiamphenicol
Gram-negative
Gram-positive
anaerobes
ribosome
Tigecycline
Staphylococcus aureus 
MRSA
Acinetobacter baumannii
Tetracycline
Tinidazole
Tindamax 
Trimethoprim

​Approved Indication                          


Breast cancer for prevention or long-term maintenance                                                            

Arthritis                                                                 

Advanced prostate cancer for long-term maintenance                                                              


Breast and colorectal cancer for long-term maintenance                                                                  

CLL and Hodgkins maintenance                               


Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH)

                                                                                      Lung cancer maintenance

                                                                                     BPH, prevention of progression of Stage I prostate cancer, prevention of male pattern baldness                                                                 Prostate cancer for long-term maintenance

                                                                                     Prostate and breast cancer for long-term maintenance